Transmission lines: The Lumped -Element Circuit model for a Transmission line. Wave propagation. Field Analysis of two wire & Co-ax Transmission Lines. Terminated transmission line. Reflection coefficient, Scattering matrix, Signal flow graph. Transmission line problems Single Stub and Double Stub matching using Smith Chart.
Rectangular and Cylindrical waveguide: Design & analysis to support various modes. Field solution for TE and TM modes, Field patterns of power flow through waveguide. Attenuation due to conductor and dielectric losses.

Power Dividers and Couplers: Basic Properties, T -Junction Power Divider, Wilkinson Power divider, Waveguide Directional Couplers, Fixed and Precision Variable Attenuator, Ferrite Isolator. Rectangular Cavities Resonator, Resonant frequencies and of Cavity Supporting dominant mode only, Dielectric resonator. Strip line and micro strip.
Microwave Filters: Periodic structures, design by image parameter method and insertion loss method , Filter transformations, Filter implementations, Coupled line filters.

Reflex Klystron: Velocity Modulation. Electronic Admittance. Output Power and Frequency Multicavity Magnetron: Principle of Operation, Rotating Field. II-Mode of Operation, Frequency of Oscillation. The Ordinary type (O- Type) TWT - Principle of Operation as an amplifier.
Microwave Transistor: modes of operation, transconductance, max operating frequency and microwave applications, Gunn Oscillator Principle and performance Simple Analysis Electron - field interaction.
Microwave radiation hazards: Hazards of EM radiation, Radiation hazard limits, radiation protection

1. Microwave Engineering by D. M. Pozor, 2nd Edition, John Willy & Sons.
2. Microwave Device and Circuit, 3rd Edition, Sammuel Y, Liao, Perason

1. Principles of Microwave Engineering, Reich, Oudong and Others.
2. Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, 6th Edition, N. N. Rao, Pearson Education,
3. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, 2nd Edition, E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balman, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
4. Engineering Electromagnetics, 7th Edition, William H. Hayt, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi

Introduction to Analog Design: General Concepts, Levels of Abstraction, Robust Analog Design
Single-Stage Amplifiers: Basic Concepts, Common-Source Stage, Common-Source Stage with Resistive Load, CS Stage with Diode-Connected Load, CS Stage with Current-Source Load, CS Stage with Triode Load, CS Stage with Source Degeneration, Source Follower, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Folded Cascode.
Differential Amplifiers: Single-Ended and Differential Operation, Basic Differential Pair, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis, Common-Mode Response, Differential Pair with MOS Loads, Gilbert Cell.
(Chapters 1, 3 and 4 of Text Book)

Passive and Active Current Mirrors: Basic Current Mirrors, Cascode Current Mirrors, Active Current Mirrors, Large-Signal Analysis, Small-Signal Analysis, Common-Mode Properties.
Bandgap References: General Considerations, Supply-Independent Biasing, Temperature-Independent References, Negative-TC Voltage, Positive-TC Voltage, Bandgap Reference.
Operational Amplifiers: General Considerations, Performance Parameters, One-Stage Op Amps, Two-Stage Op Amps, Gain Boosting, Comparison, Common-Mode Feedback, Input Range Limitations, Slew Rate, Power Supply Rejection.
(Chapters 5, 11 and 9 of Text Book)

Frequency Response of Amplifiers: General Considerations, Miller Effect, Association of Poles with Nodes, Common-Source Stage, Source Followers, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Differential Pair.
Feedback: General Considerations, Properties of Feedback Circuits, Types of Amplifiers, Feedback Topologies, Voltage-Voltage Feedback, Current-Voltage Feedback, Voltage-Current Feedback, Current-Current Feedback, Effect of Loading, Two-Port Network Models, Loading in Voltage-Voltage Feedback, Loading in Current-Voltage Feedback, Loading in Voltage-Current Feedback, Loading in Current-Current Feedback, Summary of Loading Effects, Effect of Feedback on Noise.
Oscillators: General Considerations, Ring Oscillators, LC Oscillators, Crossed-Coupled Oscillator, Colpitts Oscillator, One-Port Oscillators, Voltage-Controlled Oscillators, Tuning in Ring Oscillators, Tuning in LC Oscillators, Mathematical Model of VCOs.
(Chapters 6, 8 and 14 of Text Book)

1. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2002.

1. P. Gray, P. Hurst, S. Lewis, and R. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 4th Edition, John Wiley, 2001.
2. Behzad Razavi, Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 1st Edition, John Wiley, 2008.
3. D. Holberg and P. Allen, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2002.
4. D. Johns and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley, 1997.
5. K. R. Laker and W.M.C. Sansen, Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994.
6. A. Sedra and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press.

Embedded System: Understanding the Basic Concepts:
Introduction to Embedded System: Embedded Systems Vs General Computing Systems, History of Embedded Systems, Classification of Embedded Systems, Major Application Areas of Embedded Systems, Purpose of Embedded Systems, 'Smart' running shoes from Adidas - The Innovative bonding of Life Style with Embedded Technology.
The Typical Embedded System: Core of the Embedded System, Memory, Sensors and Actuators, Communication Interface, Embedded Firmware, Other System Components, PCB and Passive Components.
Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded System: Characteristics of Embedded System, Quality Attributes of Embedded System.
Embedded Systems - Application and Domain Specific: Washing Machine - Application Specific Embedded System, Automotive - Domain Specific Example for Embedded System.
Hardware Software Co-Design and Program Modeling: Fundamental Issues in Hardware Software Co-Design, Computational Models in Embedded Design, Introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML), Hardware Software Trade-offs.

Design and Development of Embedded Product: Embedded Hardware Design and Development: Analog Electronic Components, Digital Electronic Components, VLSI and Integrated Circuit Design, Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tools.
Embedded Firmware Design and Development: Embedded firmware Design Approaches, Embedded firmware Development Languages, Programming in Embedded 'C'.
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) based Embedded System Design: Operating System Basics, Types of Operating Systems, Tasks, Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling, Threads, Processes and Scheduling: Putting them altogether, Task Communication, Task Synchronisation, Device Drivers, How to choose an RTOS.

Design and Development of Embedded Systems:
An Introduction to Embedded System Design with VxWorks and MicroC/OS-II (µCOS-II) RTOS: VxWorks, MicroC/OS-II (µCOS-II).
Integration and Testing of Embedded Hardware and Firmware: Integration of Hardware & Firmware, Board Power up.
The Embedded System Development Environment: Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Types of files generated on cross-compilation, Disassembler/Decompiler, Simulators, Emulators & Debugging, Target Hardware Debugging, Boundary Scan.
Product Enclosure Design & Development: Product Enclosure Design Tools, Product Enclosure Development Techniques.
Embedded Product Development Life Cycle (EDLC): Definition and Objectives of EDLC, Different Phases of EDLC, EDLC Approaches (Modeling the EDLC).
Trends in the Embedded Industry: Processor Trends in Embedded System, Embedded OS Trends, Development Language Trends, Open standards, Frameworks and Alliances, Bottlenecks.

1. Shibu K.V., Introduction to Embedded Systems, TMH Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.

1. Peter Marwedel, Embedded System Design, Springer, 2006 http://ls12-www.cs.uni-dortmund.de/~marwedel/kluwer-es-book/
2. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components, Morgan Kaufmann, 2001 http://www.ee.princeton.edu/~wolf/embedded-book
3. G. De Micheli, Rolf Ernst and Wayne Wolf, eds, Readings in Hardware/Software Co-Design, Morgan Kaufmann, Systems-on-Silicon Series Embedded
4. Frank Vahid and Tony D. Givargis, System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, Addison Wesley, 2002.
5. Michael Barr, Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++, O'Reilly, 1999.
6. David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Addison Wesley, 1999.
7. Jack Ganssle, The Art of Designing Embedded Systems, Newnes, 2000.
8. K. Short, Embedded Microprocessor System Design, Prentice Hall, 1998.
9. C. Baron, J. Geffroy and G. Motet, Embedded System Applications, Kluwer, 1997.
10. Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

Introduction: Digital Image fundamentals: Image sampling and quantization, relationship between pixels, Intensity transformations and spatial filtering, some basic intensity transformation functions, Histogram processing, spatial filters for smoothing and sharpening (Chapt: 2 & 3 of Text book 1)

Filtering in the Frequency Domain: preliminary concepts, 2D DFT and its properties, basic filtering in the frequency domain, image smoothing and sharpening (Chapt: 4 of Text book 1)
Image Restoration and Reconstruction: Image restoration/degradation model, noise models, restoration in the presence of noise only, estimating the degradation function (Chapt: 5 of Text Book 1)

Color Image Processing: color models, Color transformation (Chapt: 6 of Text book 1)
Wavelets and Multi-resolution Processing: multiresolution expansions, wavelet transforms in one and two dimension (Chapt: 7 of Text book 1)
Image Compression: Fundamentals, Some basic compression methods (Chapt: 8 of Text book 1)
Morphological Image Processing: Erosion and Dilation, opening and closing (Chapt: 9 of Text book 1)

1. R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education
2. R C Gonzalez, Woods and Eddins, Digital Image Processing using Matlab, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill

1. S.Sridhar, Digital Image Processing, Oxford University Press, 2011

Introduction to state of satellite communication: Orbital mechanics and parameters, look angle determination, Launches and Lunch vehicle, Orbital effects in communication system performance. Attitude and orbit control system(AOCS), TT&C , Description of spacecraft System - Transponders,
Equipment reliability and space qualification.
Satellite Link Design: Basics of transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T ratio, Uplink and Downlink design, design of satellite links for specified (C/N) performance.

Analog telephone and television transmission: Energy dispersal, digital transmission.
Multiple Access: Multiplexing techniques for satellite links, Comprehensive study on FDMA, TDMA and CDMA. Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception. Estimating Channel requirements, SPADE, Random access.
Application of Satellite communication: Network distribution and direct broad casting TV, fundamentals of mobile communication satellite

Propagation on satellite: Earth paths and influence on link design: Quantifying attenuation and depolarization, hydrometric & non hydrometric effects, ionosphere effects, rain and ice effects.
Satellite Antennas: Types of antenna and relationships , Basic Antennas Theory - linear, rectangular & circular aperture. Gain, pointing loss.
Earth station Technology: Earth station design, Design of large antennas - Cassegrain antennas, optimizing gain of large antenna, antenna temperature, feed system for large cassegrain antennas.
Design of small earth station antennas: Front fed paraboloid reflector antennas, offset fed antennas, beam steering, Global Beam Antenna, equipment for earth station.

1. Satellite Communication by T. Pratt, C. Bostian. 2nd Edition, John Wiley Co.

1. Digital Communication with Satellite and Fiber Optic Application, Harlod Kolimbins, PHI
2. Satellite Communication by Robert M. Gagliardi, CBS Publishers

Introduction to Information Security: Security Goals, Attacks, Security Services and Mechanisms.
Mathematical Background: Integer and Modular Arithmetic, Matrices, Linear Congruence. Groups, Rings, and Fields, GF(p), Euclidean and Extended Euclidean Algorithms, Polynomial Arithmetic, GF(2n). Random Number Generation, Prime Numbers, Fermat's and Euler's Theorems, Primality Testing Methods, Factorization, Chinese Remainder Theorem, Quadratic Congruence, Discrete Logarithms.

Traditional Encryption Methods: Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Ciphers, Transposition Ciphers, Block and Stream Ciphers, Rotor Cipher, Steganography. Symmetric Key Ciphers: Data Encryption Standard, Advanced Encryption Standard.
Asymmetric Key Ciphers: RSA Cryptosystem, ElGamal Cryptosystem, Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem.
Message Integrity, Authentication: Message Integrity, Random Oracle Model, Message Authentication, MAC Algorithms. Cryptographic Hash Functions: MD Hash Family, Whirlpool, Secure Hash Algorithm. Digital Signature and Authentication: Digital Signature Schemes, Variations and Applications, Entity Authentication.Key Management: Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange.

Network and System Security: Security at the Application Layer: e-mail security, PGP and S/MIME. Security at the Transport Layer: Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS). Security at the Network Layer: IP Security.
System Security: Malicious Software, Malicious Programs, Viruses, Worms, Malware, Intrusion Detection System, Firewalls.

1. B. A. Forouzan & D Mukhopadhyay ,Cryptography and Network Security., McGraw Hill, 2nd ed.2010

1. B. Menezes ,Network Security and Cryptography., Cengage Learning, 1st ed.2010
2. Stallings ,Cryptography and Network Security., PHI, 4th ed.2010

The Internet and WWW
Understanding the WWW and the Internet, Emergence of Web, Web Servers, Web Browsers, Protocols, Building Web Sites.
HTML
Planning for designing Web pages, Model and structure for a Website, Developing Websites, Basic HTML using images links, Lists, Tables and Forms, Frames for designing a good interactive website.

JAVA Script
Programming Fundamentals, Statements, Expressions, Operators, Popup Boxes, Control Statements, Try-Catch Statement, Throw Statement, Objects of Javascript: Date object, array object, Boolean object, math object.
CSS
External Style Sheets, Internal Style Sheets, Inline Style, The class selector, div & span tag.
DOM
HTML DOM, inner HTML, Dynamic HTML (DHTML), DHTML form, XML DOM

CGI/PERL
Introduction to CGI, Testing & Debugging Perl CGI Script, Using Scalar variables and operators in Perl.
Java Applet
Introduction to Java, Writing Java Applets, Life cycle of applet.

1. Web Warrior Guide to Web Design Technologies, Don Gosselin, Joel Sklar & others, Cengage Learning

1. Web Programming: Building Internet Applications, Chris Bates, Wiley Dreamtech
2. Programming the World Wide Web, Robert W Sebesta, Pearson
3. Web Technologies, Uttam K Roy, Oxford
4. Web Technology: A developer perspective, Gopalan & Akilandeswari, PHI

Overview of MEMS and Microsystems. (Chapter 1 of Text Book 1)
Micromachining Techniques: Silicon as material for micromachining, Photolithography, thin film deposition, doping, wet and dry etching, surface and bulk micromachining, Wafer bonding, packaging. (Chapter 3 and Section 8.2 of Text Book 1, Chapter 2 of Text Book 2)

Microsystem Modeling and Design: Mechanics of deformable bodies, Energy method, Estimation of stiffness and damping for different micro-structures, Modeling of electromechanical systems, Pull-in voltage. (Section 4.1 to 4.3 and 6.2.2 of Text Book 1, Section 3.4 of Text Book 2)

MEMS Applications: Mechanical sensors and actuators: Piezoresistive pressure sensors, MEMS capacitive accelerometer, Gyroscopes, Piezoelectric actuators. (Section 8.3 of Text Book 1 and Section 5.3 and 5.11 of Text Book 2)
Optical: Micro-lens, Micro-mirror, Optical switch (Section 7.5 to 7.7 of Text Book 2)
Radio frequency MEMS: Inductor, Varactor, Filter, Resonator. (Section 9.3 to 9.7 of Text Book 2)
Microfluidics: Capillary action, Micropumping, Electrowetting, Lab-on-a-chip. (Section 10.1 to 10.8 of Text Book 2)

1. G.K. Ananthsuresh, K.J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, K.N. Bhat and V.K. Atre: Micro and Smart Systems, Wiley India, New Delhi, 2010.
2. N.P. Mahalik: MEMS, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007.

1. T. Hsu: MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2002.

Introduction: Functional Units, Classification, Performance characteristics, Dynamic Calibration, Errors: An Overview, Statistical Error Analysis, Reliability and Related Topics (Chapter 1 of Text book)
Instruments for Analysis: Introduction, Gas Analysers, Liquid Analysers, X-ray Methods, Chromatography (Chapter 8 of Text Book)

Telemetry: Introduction, Pneumatic Means, Electrical Means, Frequency Telemetring, Multiplexing, Modulation, Modulation of Digital Data, Transmission Channels, Briefing of a Telemetry System in Operation, Wireless I/O (Chapter 10 of Text Book).

Power Plant Instruments: Introduction, The Power Plant Scheme, Pressure, Temperature, Flow and Level, Vibration and Expansion, Analysis, Flue Gas Analysis (Chapter 12 of Text Book)
Hazard and Safety: Initial consideration, Enclosures, Intrinsic Safety, Prevention of Ignition, Methods of Production, Analysis Evaluation and Construction (Chapter 13 of Text Book)

1. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation, Third Edition, D Patranabis, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi

1. Process/Industrial Instruments and Controls Handbook, Gregory K. Mc Millian Editor-in-Chief, Douglas M. Considine Late Editor-in-Chief

Sensor Network Concept: Introduction, Networked wireless sensor devices, Advantages of Sensor networks, Applications, Key design challenges.
Network deployment: Structured versus randomized deployment, Network topology, Connectivity, Connectivity using power control, Coverage metrics, Mobile deployment.

Localization and Tracking: Issues and approaches, Problem formulations: Sensing model, collaborative localization. Coarse-grained and Fine-grained node localization. Tracking multiple objects: State space decomposition.
Synchronization: Issues and Traditional approaches, Fine-grained clock synchronization, and Coarse-grained data synchronization.

Wireless Communications: Link quality, shadowing and fading effects.
Medium-access and sleep scheduling: Traditional MAC protocols, Energy efficiency in MAC protocols, Asynchronous sleep techniques, Sleep-scheduled techniques, and Contention-free protocols.
Routing: Metric-based approaches, Multi-path routing, Lifetime-maximizing energy-aware routing techniques, Geographic routing.
Sensor network Databases: Data-centric routing, Data-gathering with compression, Querying, Data-centric storage and retrieval, the database perspective on sensor networks.
Security: Privacy issues, Attacks and countermeasures.

1. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach- by Feng Zhao, Leonidas Guibas , Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking 2004.

1. Networking Wireless Sensors: Bhaskar Krismachari, Cambridge University Press
2. Wireless Sensor Networks: Edited by C.S Raghavendra, Krishna M, Sivalingam, Taieb Znati , Springer.
3. Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications: Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati , Wiley Inter Science.

1. Reflex Klystron Characteristics
2. Gun Diode Characteristics
3. Directional Coupler Characteristics
4. Measurement of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio.
5. Radiation Pattern Measurement of a Horn Antenna
6. Impedance, Wavelength and Frequency Measurement.
7. Determination of Polarization of Horn antenna.
8. Measurement of Scattering Parameters.
9. Coupling Measurement of H-plane, E-Plane and Magic Tee junctions.
10. Measurement of Dielectric Constant.
11. Measurement of Phase shift.
12. Scattering parameters of Circulator /Isolators.