This course introduces the students to the environmental consequences of Industries, development actions etc. and the methods of minimizing their impact through technology and legal systems.

Ecological Concepts and Natural Resources: Ecological perspective and value of environment. Environmental auditing, Biotic components, Ecosystem Process: Energy, Food Chain, Water cycle, Oxygen cycle, Nitrogen cycle etc., Environmental gradients, Tolerance levels of environment factor, EU, US and Indian Environmental Law, Global Perspective. Chemistry in Environmental Engineering: Atmospheric chemistry, Soil chemistry, Material balances and Reactor configurations.

Water Pollution: water quality standards and parameters, Assessment of water quality, Aquatic pollution, Estuarine water quality, Marine pollution, Organic content parameters, Ground water Contamination, Water table and Aquifer, Ground water recharge. Water quality parameter and standards. Water Treatment: Water treatment processes, Pre-treatment of water, Conventional process, Advanced water treatment process. Waste Water Treatment: DO and BOD of Waste water treatment process, pretreatment, primary and secondary treatment of waste water, Activated sludge treatment: Anaerobic digestion and its microbiology, Reactor configurations and methane production. Application of anaerobic digestion. Air Pollution: Air pollution and pollutants, criteria pollutants, Acid deposition, Global climate change -green house gases, non-criteria pollutants, emission standard form industrial sources, air pollution metereology, Atmospheric dispersion. Industrial Air Emission Control: Characterization of air stream, Equipment selection, Equipment design, Special Methods: Flue gas desulphurization, NOx removal, Fugitive emissions.

Solid Waste Management Source classification and composition of MSW: properties and separation, storage and transportation, MSW Management, Waste minimization of MSW, Reuse and recycling, Hazardous Waste Management, Hazardous waste and their generation, Transportation and treatment of hazardous waste: Incinerators, Inorganic waste treatment, handling of treatment plant residue. Waste minimization techniques.
Noise Pollution: Physical Properties of sound, Noise criteria, Noise Standards, Noise measurement, Noise control. Environment impact Assessment, Origin and procedure of EIA, Project Screening for EIA, Scope studies, Preparation and review of EIS.

1. Environmental Engineering Irwin/ McGraw Hill International Edition, 1997, G. Kiely,
2. Environmental Engineering & Safety by Prof B.K. Mohapatra, Seven Seas Publication,

1. Environmental Engineering by Arcadio P. Sincero & Gergoria A.Sincero PHI Publication
2. Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science, M. L. Davis and S. J. Masen, McGraw Hill International Edition, 2004
3. Environmental Science, Curringham & Saigo, TMH,
4. Man and Environment by Dash & Mishra
5. An Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science by Gilbert M. Masters & Wendell P. Ela - PHI Publication.

Introduction: Digital Image fundamentals: Image sampling and quantization, relationship between pixels, Intensity transformations and spatial filtering, some basic intensity transformation functions, Histogram processing, spatial filters for smoothing and sharpening (Chapt: 2 & 3 of Text book 1)

Filtering in the Frequency Domain: preliminary concepts, 2D DFT and its properties, basic filtering in the frequency domain, image smoothing and sharpening (Chapt: 4 of Text book 1)
Image Restoration and Reconstruction: Image restoration/degradation model, noise models, restoration in the presence of noise only, estimating the degradation function (Chapt: 5 of Text Book 1)

Color Image Processing: color models, Color transformation (Chapt: 6 of Text book 1)
Wavelets and Multi-resolution Processing: multiresolution expansions, wavelet transforms in one and two dimension (Chapt: 7 of Text book 1)
Image Compression: Fundamentals, Some basic compression methods (Chapt: 8 of Text book 1)
Morphological Image Processing: Erosion and Dilation, opening and closing (Chapt: 9 of Text book 1)

1. R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education
2. R C Gonzalez, Woods and Eddins, Digital Image Processing using Matlab, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill

1. S.Sridhar, Digital Image Processing, Oxford University Press, 2011

Sensor Network Concept: Introduction, Networked wireless sensor devices, Advantages of Sensor networks, Applications, Key design challenges.
Network deployment: Structured versus randomized deployment, Network topology, Connectivity, Connectivity using power control, Coverage metrics, Mobile deployment.

Localization and Tracking: Issues and approaches, Problem formulations: Sensing model, collaborative localization. Coarse-grained and Fine-grained node localization. Tracking multiple objects: State space decomposition.
Synchronization: Issues and Traditional approaches, Fine-grained clock synchronization, and Coarse-grained data synchronization.

Wireless Communications: Link quality, shadowing and fading effects Medium-access and sleep scheduling: Traditional MAC protocols, Energy efficiency in MAC protocols, Asynchronous sleep techniques, Sleep-scheduled techniques, and Contention-free protocols.
Routing: Metric-based approaches, Multi-path routing, Lifetime-maximizing energy-aware routing techniques, Geographic routing.
Sensor network Databases: Data-centric routing, Data-gathering with compression, Querying, Data-centric storage and retrieval, the database perspective on sensor networks.
Security: Privacy issues, Attacks and countermeasures.

1. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach- by Feng Zhao, Leonidas Guibas , Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking 2004.

1. Networking Wireless Sensors: Bhaskar Krismachari, Cambridge University Press
2. Wireless Sensor Networks: Edited by C.S Raghavendra, Krishna M, Sivalingam, Taieb Znati , Springer.
3. Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications: Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati , Wiley Inter Science.

Application and characteristics of embedded systems, Overview of Processors and hardware units in an embedded system, General purpose processors, Microcontrollers, ARM-based Systems on a Chip (SoC), Application-Specific Circuits (ASICs), Levels of hardware modelling, VHDL, Sensors, A/D-D/A converters, Actuators, Interfacing using UART, USB, CAN bus, SRAM and DRAM, Flash memory.

Real-Time Task Scheduling: Some important concepts, Types of real-time tasks and their characteristics, Task scheduling, Clock-Driven scheduling, Hybrid schedulers, Event-Driven scheduling, Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling, Rate monotonic algorithm (RMA). Commercial Real-time operating systems: Time services, Features of a Real-time operating system, Unix-based Real-time operating systems, POSIX-RT, A survey of contemporary Real-time operating systems, Microkernel-based systems.

Embedded system development life cycle, State charts, General language characteristics , Features of MISRA C for embedded programming, Hardware/Software Co-design, Hardware/software partitioning, Testing embedded systems, Design for testability and Self-test.

1. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded Systems Design - A unified Hardware /Software Introduction, John Wiley, 2002. (For Module 1)
2. David E.Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education Asia, First Indian Reprint 2000. (For Modules 2 and 3)

1. S. Chattopadhyay, Embedded System Design, PHI
2. Shibu KV, Introduction to Embedded Systems, TMH
3. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components; Principles of Embedded Computing System Design - Harcourt India, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2001
4. Rajkamal, Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, TATA McGraw-Hill, 2003

Introduction to Data mining: Role Data in Data Mining, Data Mining functionalities, patterns in data mining, Type of patterns, Classification of Data Mining Systems, Major issues in Data Mining;
Mining Association Rules in Large Databases: Association Rule Mining, Mining Single-Dimensional Boolean Association Rules from Transactional Databases, Mining Multilevel Association Rules from Transaction Databases, Mining Multidimensional Association Rules from Relational Databases and Data Warehouses, From Association Mining to Correlation Analysis, Constraint-Based Association Mining.
Classification and Prediction: Issues Regarding Classification and Prediction, Classification by Decision Tree Induction, Bayesian Classification, Classification by Backpropagation, Classification Based on Concepts from Association Rule Mining, Other Classification Methods, Prediction, and Classifier Accuracy.
Cluster Analysis Introduction: Types of Data in Cluster Analysis, A Categorization of Major Clustering Methods, Partitioning Methods, Hierarchical methods, Density-Based Methods, Grid-Based Methods, Model-Based Clustering Methods, Outlier Analysis.

Introduction to WWW, Information Retrieval and Web Search: Basic Concepts, IR models, Relevance Feedback, Evaluation Measures, Text and Web Page Pre-Processing, Link Analysis: Graph Mining, Social Network Analysis, Co-Citation and Bibliographic Coupling, Page Rank, HITS, Community Discovery, Web Crawling: Basic and Universal Crawlers, Structured Data Extraction: Wrapper Generation: Wrapper Induction, Automatic Wrapper Generation: Problems, String Matching and Tree Matching, Information Integration: Pre-Processing for Schema Matching, Domain and Instance-Level Matching.

Opinion Mining: Sentiment Classification, Feature-Based Opinion Mining and Summarization, Opinion Search, Opinion Spam, Web Usage Mining: Data Collection and Pre-Processing, Data Modeling for Web Usage Mining, Discovery and Analysis of Web Usage Patterns, Privacy Preserving Data Mining: Issues and Solutions.

1. J. Han & M. Kamber, Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann, 2nd ed, 2006. (Module 1)
2. Bing Liu. Web Data Mining, Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents and Usage Data, Springer Publishers (Module 2 and Module 3)

1. Margret H Dunham,Data Mining Introductory and advanced topics, Pearson Education, 6th ed,2009,
2. Shawkat Ali and Saleh Wasimi,Data Mining: Methods and Techniques, Cengage Learning, Indian Edition,2009,

Introduction, Algorithms and Complexity: Biological Algorithms versus Computer Algorithms, Notations, Algorithm Design Techniques, Tractable versus Intractable Problems.
Molecular Biology Primer: Genes, Molecules, Structure of DNA, Proteins, Analysis.
Exhaustive Search: Restriction Mapping, Impractical Restriction Mapping Algorithms, A Practical Restriction Mapping Algorithm, Regulatory Motifs in DNA Sequences, Profiles, The Motif Finding Problem, Search Trees, Finding Motifs, Finding a Median String.

Greedy Algorithms: Genome Rearrangements, Sorting by Reversals, Approximation Algorithms, Breakpoints: A Different Face of Greed, A Greedy Approach to Motif Finding.
Dynamic Programming Algorithms: The Power of DNA Sequence Comparison, The Change Problem Revisited, The Manhattan Tourist Problem, Edit Distance and Alignments, Longest Common Subsequences, Global Sequence Alignment, Scoring Alignments, Local Sequence Alignment, Alignment with Gap Penalties, Multiple Alignment, Gene Prediction, Statistical Approaches to Gene Prediction, Similarity-Based Approaches to Gene Prediction, Spliced Alignment.
Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms: Divide-and-Conquer Approach to Sorting, Space-Efficient Sequence Alignment, Block Alignment and the Four-Russians Speedup, Constructing Alignments in Subquadratic Time.

Graph Algorithms: Graphs and Genetics, DNA Sequencing, Shortest Superstring Problem, DNA Arrays as an Alternative Sequencing Technique, Sequencing by Hybridization, SBH as a Hamiltonian Path Problem, SBH as an Eulerian Path Problem, Fragment Assembly in DNA Sequencing, Protein Sequencing and Identification, The Peptide Sequencing Problem, Spectrum Graphs, Protein Identification via Database Search, Spectral Convolution, Spectral Alignment.
Combinatorial Pattern Matching: Repeat Finding, Hash tables, Exact Pattern Matching, Keyword Trees, Suffix Trees, Heuristic Similarity Search Algorithms, Approximate Pattern Matching, BLAST: Comparing a Sequence against a Database.

1. No Indian Print is available.

1. Neil C. Jones and Pavel A. Pevzner, An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms, MIT Press, 2004.
2. Bioinformatics Algorithms, Techniques & Applications - Wiley Inter Science
3. Wing-Kin Sung, "Algorithms in Bioinformatics: A Practical Introduction", CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), 2009.
4. Ion Mandoiu, Alexander Zelikovsky, Bioinformatics Algorithms: Techniques and Applications Wiley, 2008.

Introduction to parallel computing. Parallel programming platforms: Trends in microprocessor Architectures, Limitations of memory system performance, Dichotomy of parallel computing platforms, physical organization of parallel platforms, communication costs in parallel machines, Routing mechanisms for interconnection network, Impact of process processors mapping and mapping techniques.

Principles of parallel algorithm design: Preliminaries, Decomposition techniques, Characteristics of tasks and interactions, Mapping techniques for load balancing, Methods for containing. Interactions overheads, Parallel algorithm models. Basic communication operations: On--to-All Broadcast and All-to-One Reduction, All-to-All broadcast and reduction All-Reduce and prefix sum operations, scatter and gather, All-to-All personalized communication, circular shift, Improving the speed of some communication operation.

Analytical modeling of parallel programs: Performance metrics for parallel systems, Effect of granularity of performance, scalability of parallel system, Minimum execution time and minimum cost-optimal execution time, Asymptotic analysis of parallel programs, other scalability metrics. Programming using the message passing paradigm:
Principle of message - Passing programming, Send and receive operations, The message passing interface, Topologies and embedding, Overlapping communication with computation, collective communication and computation operations, Groups and communicators.
Dense matrix algorithm: Matrix-vector multiplication, Matrix-matrix algorithm, Solving a system of linear equations.

1. Introduction to Parallel Computing, Second Edition, Ananth Gram, Anshul Gupta, George Karypis, Vipin Kumar Person Education.
2. Parallel computing Theory and Practice, Second Edition, Michael J. Quinn, TMH.

Introduction to state of satellite communication: Orbital mechanics and parameters, look angle determination, Launches and Lunch vehicle, Orbital effects in communication system performance. Attitude and orbit control system(AOCS), TT&C , Description of spacecraft System - Transponders,
Equipment reliability and space qualification.
Satellite Link Design: Basics of transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T ratio, Uplink and Downlink design, design of satellite links for specified (C/N) performance.

Analog telephone and television transmission: Energy dispersal, digital transmission
Multiple Access: Multiplexing techniques for satellite links, Comprehensive study on FDMA, TDMA and CDMA. Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception. Estimating Channel requirements, SPADE, Random access
Application of Satellite communication: Network distribution and direct broad casting TV, fundamentals of mobile communication satellite.

Propagation on satellite: Earth paths and influence on link design: Quantifying attenuation and depolarization, hydrometric & non hydrometric effects, ionosphere effects, rain and ice effects
Satellite Antennas: Types of antenna and relationships , Basic Antennas Theory - linear, rectangular & circular aperture. Gain, pointing loss,
Earth station Technology: Earth station design, Design of large antennas - Cassegrain antennas, optimizing gain of large antenna, antenna temperature, feed system for large cassegrain antennas, Design of small earth station antennas: Front fed paraboloid reflector antennas, offset fed antennas, beam steering, Global Beam Antenna, equipment for earth station

1. Satellite Communication by T. Pratt, C. Bostian. 2nd Edition, John Wiley Co.

1. Digital Communication with Satellite and Fiber Optic Application, Harlod Kolimbins, PHI
2. Satellite Communication by Robert M. Gagliardi, CBS Publishers

Overview of MEMS and Microsystems. (Chapter 1 of Text Book 1)
Micromachining Techniques: Silicon as material for micromachining, Photolithography, thin film deposition, doping, wet and dry etching, surface and bulk micromachining, Wafer bonding, packaging. (Chapter 3 and Section 8.2 of Text Book 1, Chapter 2 of Text Book 2)

Microsystem Modeling and Design: Mechanics of deformable bodies, Energy method, Estimation of stiffness and damping for different micro-structures, Modeling of electromechanical systems, Pull-in voltage. (Section 4.1 to 4.3 and 6.2.2 of Text Book 1, Section 3.4 of Text Book 2)

MEMS Applications: Mechanical sensors and actuators: Piezoresistive pressure sensors, MEMS capacitive accelerometer, Gyroscopes, Piezoelectric actuators. (Section 8.3 of Text Book 1 and Section 5.3 and 5.11 of Text Book 2)
Optical: Micro-lens, Micro-mirror, Optical switch (Section 7.5 to 7.7 of Text Book 2)
Radio frequency MEMS: Inductor, Varactor, Filter, Resonator. (Section 9.3 to 9.7 of Text Book 2)
Microfluidics: Capillary action, Micropumping, Electrowetting, Lab-on-a-chip. (Section 10.1 to 10.8 of Text Book 2)

1. G.K. Ananthsuresh, K.J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, K.N. Bhat and V.K. Atre: Micro and Smart Systems, Wiley India, New Delhi, 2010.
2. N.P. Mahalik: MEMS, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007.

1. T. Hsu: MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2002.

X-Ray Machines: Basis of Diagnostic Radiology, Nature of X-rays, Properties of X-rays, Units of X-radiation, Production of X-rays : stationary anode tube & rotating anode tube.
X-Ray Machine: High Voltage Generation, High frequency Generator, High Tension Cable, Collimators & Grids, Exposure Time Systems, and Automatic Control.
Visualization of X-rays & Digital Radiography: X-ray Films, X-ray Image Intensifier Television System, Dental X-ray machines, portable & mobile X-ray units, Digital Radiography, Flat Panel detector for Digital Radiography.

Ultrasonic Imaging System: Physics of Ultrasonic waves, generation & detection of ultrasound, basic pulse-echo apparatus, brief description of different modes of scans like A-scan, M-mode, B-scan with its applications in medicine.
Computed Tomography Machine (CT): Basic Principle of CT, System components: scanning system, Detector, Processing system, Viewing system, storing & documentation, Gantry geometry, Patient dose in CT Scan & Advantages of CT Scanning.

MRI Machine & Gamma Camera: Principles of NMR Imaging System, Basic NMR Components - Block Diagram Description, Advantages of NMR Imaging, The Gamma Camera - Block Diagram Description. Study of Working Principle of Emission CT, SPECT & PET scanners and Introduction to recent developments like Infrared Imaging, Ophthalmic Imaging, and Double headed CT & PET scanner.

1. Hand Book of Biomedical Instrumentation - 2nd Ed, R.S.Khandpur, Tata McGraw Hill- 2003.

1. Introduction to Biomedical equipment technology, 4e. By JOSEPH.J.CAAR & JOHN.M.BROWN (Pearson education publication)
2. Medical Instrumentation-application & design. 3e - By JOHN.G.WEBSTER John Wiley & sons publications
3. Leslie. Cromwell - Biomedical instrumentation & measurements, 2e PHI
4. Dr. M. Arumugam Biomedical instrumentations, Anuradha Publishers

Introduction to Analog Design: General Concepts, Levels of Abstraction, Robust Analog Design
Single-Stage Amplifiers: Basic Concepts, Common-Source Stage, Common-Source Stage with Resistive Load, CS Stage with Diode-Connected Load, CS Stage with Current-Source Load, CS Stage with Triode Load, CS Stage with Source Degeneration, Source Follower, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Folded Cascode.
Differential Amplifiers: Single-Ended and Differential Operation, Basic Differential Pair, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative Analysis, Common-Mode Response, Differential Pair with MOS Loads, Gilbert Cell.
(Chapters 1, 3 and 4 of Text Book)

Passive and Active Current Mirrors: Basic Current Mirrors, Cascode Current Mirrors, Active Current Mirrors, Large-Signal Analysis, Small-Signal Analysis, Common-Mode Properties.
Bandgap References: General Considerations, Supply-Independent Biasing, Temperature-Independent References, Negative-TC Voltage, Positive-TC Voltage, Bandgap Reference.
Operational Amplifiers: General Considerations, Performance Parameters, One-Stage Op Amps, Two-Stage Op Amps, Gain Boosting, Comparison, Common-Mode Feedback, Input Range Limitations, Slew Rate, Power Supply Rejection. (Chapters 5, 11 and 9 of Text Book)

Frequency Response of Amplifiers: General Considerations, Miller Effect, Association of Poles with Nodes, Common-Source Stage, Source Followers, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Differential Pair.
Feedback: General Considerations, Properties of Feedback Circuits, Types of Amplifiers, Feedback Topologies, Voltage-Voltage Feedback, Current-Voltage Feedback, Voltage-Current Feedback, Current-Current Feedback, Effect of Loading, Two-Port Network Models, Loading in Voltage-Voltage Feedback, Loading in Current-Voltage Feedback, Loading in Voltage-Current Feedback, Loading in Current-Current Feedback, Summary of Loading Effects, Effect of Feedback on Noise.
Oscillators: General Considerations, Ring Oscillators, LC Oscillators, Crossed-Coupled Oscillator, Colpitts Oscillator, One-Port Oscillators, Voltage-Controlled Oscillators, Tuning in Ring Oscillators, Tuning in LC Oscillators, Mathematical Model of VCOs. (Chapters 6, 8 and 14 of Text Book)

1. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2002.

1. P. Gray, P. Hurst, S. Lewis, and R. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 4th Edition, John Wiley, 2001.
2. Behzad Razavi, Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 1st Edition, John Wiley, 2008.
3. D. Holberg and P. Allen, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2002.
4. D. Johns and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley, 1997.
5. K.R. Laker and W.M.C. Sansen, Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994.
6. A. Sedra and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press.

Sensors and Transduceers:- Sensors and transducers, Performance terminology, Displacement, position and proximitry, Velocity and motion, Force, Fluid pressure, Liquid flow, Liquid level, Temperature, Light sensors, Selection of sensors, Inputting data by switches. Book - 1: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12.
Signal conditioning: Signal conditioning, The operational amplifier, Protection, Filtering, Pulse modulation.
Book - 1: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6.
Digital Signals: Digital signals, Analogue and digital signals, digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital converters, Multiplexers, Data acquisition, Digital signal processing. Book - 1: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.
Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuation Systems: Actuation systems, Pneumatic and hydraulic systems, Directional control valves, Pressure control valves, Cylinders, Servo and proportional control valves, process control valves, Rotary actuators.
Book - 1: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8.

Mechanical Actuation Systems: Mechanical systems, Types of motion, Kinematic chains, Cams, GTears, Belt and chain drives, bearings, Mechanical aspects of motor selection. Book - 1: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9.
Electrical Actuation Systems: Electrical systems, Mechanical switches, Solid-state switches, Solenoids, D.C. motors, A.C. motors, Stepper motors.
Book - 1: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7.
Basic System Models: Mathematical models, Mechanical system building blocks, Electrical system building blocks, Electrical system building blocks, Fluid system building blocks, Thermal system building blocks.Book - 1: 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5.

System Models: Engineering systems, Rotational-translational systems, Electromechanical systems, Electromechanical systems, Linearity, Hydraulic-mechanical systems, Summary, Problems.
Book - 1: 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5.
Closed-loop Controllers: Continuous and discrete control processes, Terminology, Two-step mode, Proportional mode, Derivative control, Integral control, PID controller, Digital controllers, Control system performance, Controller tuning, Velocity control, Adaptive control, Summary, Problems.
Book - 1: 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8, 15.9, 15.10, 15.11, 15.12.
Programmable Logic Controllers: Introduction to PLCs, Basic Structure of a PLC, Principles of Operation, PLCs versus Computers, Introduction to Internal Architecture and Hardware Components, PLC Programming, Analog I/O, Selecting a PLC for the Application, Application of PLCs for Control.
Book - 2: 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9.

1. Mechatronics Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and Electrical Engg. Pearson Publication, 4th Edition by William Bolton, 2010.
2. Mechatronics Integrated Mechanical Electronic Systems by K. P. Ramachandran, G. K. Vijayaraghavan, M. S. Balasundaram, Wiley India Edition, Printed on 2008.

1. Mechatronics integrated Technologies for Intelligent Machines by A. Smaili, F.Mrad, Oxford University Press, Printed on 2009.
2. Mechatronic Sources Book, Cengage Learning India Edition by Newton C Braga, 2nd Edition, 2010.

Introduction: Functional Units, Classification, Performance characteristics, Dynamic Calibration, Errors: An Overview, Statistical Error Analysis, Reliability and Related Topics (Chapter 1 of Text book)
Instruments for Analysis: Introduction, Gas Analysers, Liquid Analysers, X-ray Methods, Chromatography (Chapter 8 of Text Book)

Telemetry: Introduction, Pneumatic Means, Electrical Means, Frequency Telemetring, Multiplexing, Modulation, Modulation of Digital Data, Transmission Channels, Briefing of a Telemetry System in Operation, Wireless I/O (Chapter 10 of Text Book)

Power Plant Instruments: Introduction, The Power Plant Scheme, Pressure, Temperature, Flow and Level, Vibration and Expansion, Analysis, Flue Gas Analysis (Chapter 12 of Text Book)
Hazard and Safety: Initial consideration, Enclosures, Intrinsic Safety, Prevention of Ignition, Methods of Production, Analysis Evaluation and Construction (Chapter 13 of Text Book)

1. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation, Third Edition, D Patranabis, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi

1. Process/Industrial Instruments and Controls Handbook, Gregory K. Mc Millian Editor-in-Chief, Douglas M. Considine Late Editor-in-Chief